The First Declaration of Havana
INTRODUCTION
The Declaration of Havana is
the reply of the people of Cuba and of the exploited millions of Latin America
to the Declaration of San José, signed on August 28, 1960 by the foreign
ministers of the governments belonging to the Organization of American States
which participated in the Seventh Conference of Consultation of Foreign
Ministers, held at San José, Costa Rica.
The approval of the Declaration of San José found 'the representatives of Latin American governments backing the United States in its dispute with Cuba over her determination to assure the success of her resolve to achieve her total economic and political independence from the domination of American interests.
But if the United States had succeeded in marshaling the votes of the representatives of Latin American governments against Cuba through the enticement of loans and other pressures, this did not mean that the support of the people of Latin America was assured.
In the words of Cuba's Foreign Minister, Raul Roa, uttered as he abandoned the conference after the voting, "I am going with my people and with me go all the people of Latin America."
The Declaration of Havana was drafted by Dr. Fidel
Castro and approved on September 2, 1960 by more than a million Cubans who
constituted themselves into the National General Assembly of the People.
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"They married us to falsehood and we were forced to live with it.
That's why it seems the earth is sinking when we hear the truth....
As if it weren't better to see the earth sink than to live with falsehood."
FIDEL CASTRO
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THE DECLARATION OF HAVANA
Close to the monument and to the memory of José Martí in Cuba, free territory of America, the people, in the full exercise of the inalienable powers that proceed from the true exercise of the sovereignty expressed in the direct, universal and public suffrage, has constituted itself into a National General Assembly.
Acting on its own behalf and echoing the true sentiments of the people of our America, the National General Assembly of the People of Cuba:
I. Condemns in all its terms the so-called "Declaration of San José," a document dictated by North American imperialism that is detrimental to the national self-determination, the sovereignty and the dignity of the sister nations of the Continent.
2. The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba energetically condemns the overt and criminal intervention exerted by North American imperialism for more than a century over all the nations of Latin America, which have seen their lands invaded more than once in Mexico, Nicaragua, Haiti, Santo Domingo and Cuba; have lost, through the voracity of Yankee imperialism, huge and rich areas, whole countries, such as Puerto Rico, which has been converted into an occupied territory; and have suffered, moreover, the outrageous treatment dealt by the Marines to our wives and daughters, as well as to the most exalted symbols of our history, such as the statue of José Martí. [1]
This intervention, based upon military superiority, inequitable treaties and the miserable submission of treacherous rulers throughout one hundred years has converted our America—the America that Bolívar, Hidalgo, Juárez, San Martín, O'Higgins, Sucre and Martí wanted free—into an area of exploitation, the backyard of the political and financial Yankee empire, a reserve of votes for the international organization in which the Latin America countries have figured only as the herds driven by the "restless and brutal North that despises us."
The National General Assembly of the People declares that the acceptance by the
governments that officially represent the countries of Latin America of that
continued and historically irrefutable intervention betrays the ideals of
independence of its peoples, negates its sovereignty and prevents true
solidarity among our nations, all of which obliges this assembly to repudiate it
in the name of the people of echoes the hope and determina ican people and the
liberating patriots of our America.
3. The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba rejects likewise the
intention of preserving the Monroe Doctrine, used until now, as foreseen by José
Martí, "to extend the dominance in America" of the voracious imperialists, to
better inject the poison also denounced in his time by José Martí, "the poison
of the loans, the canals, the railroads...."
Therefore, in the presence of a hypocritical Pan-Americanism which is only the
dominance of Yankee monopolies over the interests of our people and Yankee
manipulation of governments prostrated before Washington, the Assembly of the
People of Cuba proclaims the liberating Latin-Americanism that throbs in Marti
and Benito Juárez. And, upon extending its friendship to the North American
people—a country where Negroes are lynched, intellectuals are persecuted and
workers are forced to accept the leadership of gangsters—reaffirms its will to
march "with all the world and not with just a part of it."
4. The National General Assembly of the People declares that the help
spontaneously offered by the Soviet Union to Cuba in the event our country is
attacked by the military forces of the imperialists could never be considered as
an act of intrusion, but that it constitutes an evident act of solidarity, and
that such help, offered to Cuba in the face of an imminent attack by the
Pentagon, honors the Government of the Soviet Union that offered it, as much as
the cowardly and criminal aggressions against Cuba dishonor the Government of
the United States.
Therefore, the General Assembly of the People declares, before America and before the world, that it accepts and is grateful for the support of the Soviet Union's rockets, should its territory be invaded by military forces of the United States.
5. The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba categorically denies the
existence of any intent whatsoever on the part of the Soviet Union and the
Chinese People's Republic to "use Cuba's political and social situation. . . to
break the continental unity and endanger the unity of the hemisphere." From the
first to the last shot, from the first to the last of the twenty thousand
martyrs who died in the struggles to overthrow the tyranny and win revolutionary
control, from the first to the last revolutionary law, from the first to the
last act of the Revolution, the people of Cuba has acted with free and absolute
self-determination, and therefore, the Soviet Union or the Chinese People's
Republic can never be blamed for the existence of a Revolution which is Cuba's
firm reply to the crimes and wrongs perpetrated by imperialism in America.
On the contrary, the National General Assembly of the People of Cuba maintains
that the policy of isolation and hostility toward the Soviet Union and the
Chinese People's Republic, promoted and imposed by the United States Government
upon the governments of Latin America, and the belligerent and aggressive
conduct of the North American Government, as well as its systematic opposition
to the acceptance of the Chinese People's Republic as a member of the United
Nations, despite the fact that it represents almost the total population of a
country of over six hundred million inhabitants, endanger the peace and security
of the hemisphere and the world.
Therefore, the National General Assembly of the People of Cuba ratifies its
policy of friendship with all the peoples of the world, reaffirms its purpose of
establishing diplomatic relations with all the Socialist countries and, from
this moment, in the full exercise of its sovereignty and free will, expresses to
the Government of the Chinese People's Republic that it agrees to establish
diplomatic relations between both countries, and that, therefore, the relations
that Cuba has maintained until now with the puppet regime, which is supported in
Formosa by the vessels of the Seventh Fleet, are hereby rescinded.
6. The National General Assembly of the People reaffirms—and is certain of doing
so as an expression of a view common to all the people of Latin America—that
democracy is incompatible with the financial oligarchy, racial discrimination,
and the outrages of the Klu Klux Klan, the persecutions that prevented the world
from hearing for many years the wonderful voice of Paul Robeson, imprisoned in
his own country, and that killed the Rosenbergs, in the face of the protests and
the horror of the world and despite the appeal of the rulers of many countries,
and of Pope Pius XII, himself.
The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba expresses its conviction
that democracy cannot consist only in a vote, which is almost always fictitious
and manipulated by big land holders and professional politicians, but in the
right of the citizens to decide, as this Assembly of the People is now deciding,
its own destiny. Moreover, democracy will only exist in Latin America when its
people are really free to choose, when the humble people are not reduced—by
hunger, social inequality, illiteracy, and the juridical systems—to the most
degrading impotence.
For all the foregoing reasons, the National General Assembly of the People of
Cuba:
Condemns the latifundium, a source of poverty for the peasants and a backward
and inhuman agricultural system; condemns starvation wages and the iniquitous
exploitation of human labor by immoral and privileged interests; condemns
illiteracy, the lack of teachers, of schools, of doctors and hospitals, the lack
of protection of old age that prevails in Latin America; condemns the inequality
and exploitation of women; condemns the discrimination against the Negro and the
Indian; condemns the military and political oligarchies that keep our peoples in
utter poverty and block their democratic development and the full exercise of
their sovereignty; condemns the handing over of our countries' natural resources
to the foreign monopolies as a submissive policy that betrays the interests of
the peoples; condemns the governments that ignore the feelings of their people
and yield to the directives of Washington; condemns the systematic deception of
the people by the information media that serve the interests of the oligarchies
and the policies of oppressive imperialism; condemns the news monopoly of the
Yankee agencies, instruments of the North. American trusts and agents of
Washington; condemns the repressive laws that prevent workers, peasants,
students and intellectuals, which form the great majority of each country, from
organizing themselves and fighting for the realization of their social and
patriotic aspirations; condemns the monopolies and imperialistic organizations
that continuously loot our wealth, exploit our workers and peasants, bleed and
keep in backwardness our economies, and submit the political life of Latin
America to the sway of their own designs and interests.
In short, the National General Assembly of the People of Cuba condemns both the
exploitation of man by man and the exploitation of under-developed countries by
imperialistic finance capital.
Therefore, the National General Assembly of the People of Cuba proclaims before
America:
The right of the peasants to the land; the right of the workers to the fruit of
their work; the right of children to education; the right of the ill to medical
and hospital attention; the right of youth to work; the right of students to
free, experimental, and scientific education; the right of Negroes and Indians
to "the full dignity of Man;" the right of women to civil, social and political
equality; the right of the aged to a secure old age; the right of intellectuals,
artists, and scientists to fight, with their works, for a better world; the
right of nations to their full sovereignty; the right of nations to turn
fortresses into schools, and to arm their workers, their peasants, their
students, their intellectuals, the Negro, the Indian, the women, the young and
the old, the oppressed and exploited people, so that they may themselves defend
their rights and their destinies.
7. The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba proclaims: The duty of
peasants, workers, intellectuals, Negroes, Indians, young and old, and women, to
fight for their economic, political and social rights; the duty of oppressed and
exploited nations to fight for their liberation; the duty of each nation to make
common cause with all the oppressed, colonized, exploited peoples, regardless of
their location in the world or the geographical distance that may separate them.
All the peoples of the world are brothers!
8. The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba reaffirms its faith that
Latin America soon will be marching, united and triumphant, free from the
control that turns its economy over to North American imperialism and prevents
its true voice from being heard at the meetings where domesticated Chancellors
form an infamous chorus led by its despotic masters.
Therefore, it ratifies its decision of working for that common Latin American
destiny that will enable our countries to build a true solidarity, based upon
the free will of each of them and the joint aspirations of all. In the struggle
for such a Latin America, in opposition to the obedient voices of those who
usurp its official representation, there arises now, with invincible power, the
genuine voice of the people, a voice that rises from the depths of its tin and
coal mines, from its factories and sugar mills, from its feudal lands, where
rotos[2], cholos[3], gauchos[4], jíbaros[5], heirs of Zapata and Sandino, grip
the weapons of their freedom, a voice that resounds in its poets and novelists,
in its students, in its women and children, in its vigilant old people.
To that voice of our brothers, the Assembly of the People of Cuba answers:
"Present!" Cuba shall not fall. Cuba is here today to ratify before Latin America and before the world, as a historical commitment, its irrevocable dilemma: Patria or Death!
9. The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba resolves that this declaration shall be known as "The Declaration of Havana."
CUBA
HAVANA, FREE TERRITORY OF AMERICA
September 2, 1960.
2. roto, A member of the exploited labor force of Peru. Generally of Indian and European blood.
3. cholo, A member of the exploited labor force of Chile. Generally of Indian and European blood.
4. gaucho, The cowboy of Argentina. The exploited class which forms the backbone of the cattle industry of that country.
5. jíbaro, A member of the much exploited agricultural labor force of Puerto Rico.
The 26th of July Movement in the United States offers this Declaration in an attempt to achieve a better understanding of the Cuban Revolution on the part of intelligent Americans who were not given an opportunity to see it in their newspapers or magazines or who may be getting a biased view of what is occurring in Cuba from their normal channels of information.
The 26th of July Movement in the United States is a voluntary organization. All of its funds come from voluntary contributions of its friends and members in United States. None of its officers or members receives any compensation for his or her services.
A copy of this material is filed with the Department of Justice where the required statement under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of the 26th of July Movement in the United States as an agent of the 26th of July Movement of Cuba is available for public inspection. Registration does indicate approval disapproval of this material by the United States Government.
SCANNED FROM ORIGINAL
ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PAMPHLET
by Walter Lippmann, July 3, 2007.
[1] On March 12, 1949, three crew members from the U. S. Navy ships visiting Havana urinated on the monument of José Martí, Cuba's most venerated patriot.
Another version of this document:
http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1960/19600902.2
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SPANISH ORIGINAL:
http://www.cuba.cu/gobierno/discursos/1960/esp/f020960e.html
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