![]() The “Invisible” Cultural War More than ever before in human history, the conflicts in the world today go beyond the horrific violence of weapons. The most profound and decisive battle is taking place in more symbolic grounds. Representatives of various sectors of the country debate on how Cuba suffers from this war and how it is faced Juventud Rebelde digital@juventudrebelde.cu January 13, 2015 21:06:47 CDT. A CubaNews translation. Edited by Walter Lippmann. ![]() Author: Adán Iglesias The ‘culture of being’, to win the cultural war Enrique Ubieta Gómez • digital@juventudrebelde.cu January 13, 2015 20:37:00 CDT The perception of the problem of subversion is complex and needs to be appreciated from the perspective of a cultural war. We must first identify the enemy who we, mistakenly, reduce to a single country. Our country reached its independence just when capitalism was passing from its initial stage to the imperialist stage. Capitalism is a system based on continuous expansion of territories and markets. The first and second world wars were caused by inter-imperialist disputes over the division of the world. As American capitalism expanded, it conquered territories in the west and destroyed indigenous cultures; then it usurped more than half of Mexico. The historical conflict of Cuba with imperialism is not due to a pathological obsession of that country towards ours; nor to our having the most beautiful land or oil riches –which we do not have; nor to feelings of envy or worldly ambition. It responds to the intrinsic nature of capitalism. The enemy of the Cuba we are building is capitalism; and in a particular historical sense: imperialism. The war we fight includes the perception and building of different lifestyles, patterns of life and concepts of happiness that oppose and refute those of capitalism. And those of capitalism, i.e., the ‘culture of having’, are hegemonic in the world. Thus, we speak of international capitalism –and insist on that concept– because what we consider subversion should be analyzed from two perspectives: the first, which goes unnoticed, and which is the process of reproduction of the values of the system through cultural industries that create and reproduce an imaginary reality based on the culture of having. The social or gossip pages of the press and television, for example, serve an ideological function: positioning millionaires as social heroes (businessmen, royalty, rich artists, etc.). That imaginary reality is renewed again and again. We are talking about the creation of images that spread everywhere, reach many places, and exert a great influence on people. This is what I call the reproduction of capitalist values – that is: the values of capitalist imaginary reality. Hollywood, the Grammy Awards, the Baseball Big Leagues, the NBA, etc.: all of these form a structure that reproduces the essence of the ‘culture of having’ through their star system. These stars are correlated to the money they earn and not so much to their essential qualities. It is a system that subordinates to the market, and through the market makes ideology. All those products come to Cuba. They are on Cuban television, and in the ‘paquetes’ that are distributed weekly; they are on the Internet. But they are not made only for Cuba; but rather so there are no other Cubas. A second perspective, which is what we usually consider for the concept of subversion, is morally more serious: it is what might be called "programmed intervention". This is not the simple global reproduction of the values of capitalism; but an intervention on which millions of dollars are invested to overthrow an opposite system already established in a particular country like ours. This type of intervention is channeled through the granting of scholarships, the planting of suspicions, disappointments, divisions, programs that stultify -- because capitalism sells images and illusions, but never explanations; it evades them and works comfortably with functional illiteracy. Socialism, in contrast, requires people to study, to be prepared, to think, to have a critical perspective towards everything they see. The ultimate goal of this programmed intervention is the overthrow of the socialist system --and not a mere change of Government-- because capitalism does not recognize the possibility of another way of social organization that is not capitalist, that is: based on the culture of having. In this sense our strength is in the legacy of the work of José Martí. How is his work connected to our current reality, to our claims to build an alternative to the capitalist way? First there is the definition of Marti’s political praxis, "with the poor of the earth I want to share my fate"; Martí chooses the poor and ours is a revolution of the poor, by the poor and for the poor. Marxism can only be understood as an instrument at the service of the poor. To be revolutionary, we must be absolutely committed to the poor of the earth, not only in rhetoric, but in politics. A person who has never acted in favor of social justice –and I do not mean being or not a member of the [Communist] Party– a person who has not participated actively in the political and social life of the country, will certainly not be a follower of Marxism, or of Marti, and therefore cannot be considered revolutionary. Secondly, Martí was for the ‘culture of being’ and against ‘the culture of having’. He was the man who wrote the famous letter to María Mantilla in which he says that the beauty of a human being is not in what he wears outside, but in what he carries inside. In this way, Martí embraces the core of the socialist project. We do not need to turn Marti into a Marxist –which he was not– or an advocate of socialism as we understand it today. However, his perception of the ‘culture of being’ is the basis of an anti-capitalist ideology. And in socialism, a being should receive according to his or her contribution; according to his or her public utility. The thing is not to reject having. But we must invert the equation: A person is worth for what he or she is, not for what he or she has. Martí talked about the usefulness of virtue. He took the concept of usefulness –so dear to bourgeois thinking– to the ethical ground. I could mention other aspects of Marti's thinking that are so valid today such as his anti-imperialism and his perception of the need for Latin American unity; his idea of unity within the diversity of sources and roots: Aboriginal, African, European; his demand that we be creative. This is a complex war, but we have the tremendous strength of our cultural tradition: the cultural tradition based on Martí, which led us to the Revolution. *Essayist and journalist. Director of La calle del medio |
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La percepción del problema de la subversión es compleja y es necesario
apreciarla desde la dimensión de una guerra cultural. Lo primero, es
identificar al enemigo, que erróneamente reducimos a un país. Arribamos
a la independencia, precisamente, cuando el capitalismo transitaba de la
etapa inicial a la imperialista. El capitalismo es un sistema en
continua expansión de territorios y mercados. La primera y la segunda
guerras mundiales fueron provocadas por disputas interimperialistas en
torno al reparto del mundo. El capitalismo estadounidense, en la medida
en que fue expandiéndose, conquistó territorios en el oeste y arrasando
con las culturas originarias, para después usurpar más de la mitad del
territorio mexicano. El conflicto histórico de Cuba con el imperialismo
no se debe a una obsesión patológica de aquel país con el nuestro, o a
que tengamos las tierras más hermosas o petróleo, que no tenemos, ni a
sentimientos de envidia o de ambición mundanos, responde al carácter
intrínseco del capitalismo. |