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Eros at a crossroads
By Antonio
Enrique González Rojas
A CubaNews translation. Edited by Walter Lippmann.
While
homosexuality is no longer stigmatized as a topic, a conflict or a
simple psychosocial profile and has been already legitimized in
movies and TV programs from all over the world, it only came to the
fore in Cuba after decades of being out of sync with the universal
mainstream.
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The
ultimate defrosting of gay-related issues on Cuban screens large and
small was unquestionably triggered by the intense heat given off by
Tomás Gutiérrez Alea’s 1993 film Strawberry and Chocolate, in
which the figure of the Lezama-like character Diego stands out as a
bizarre symbol of Cuba’s ideological and cultural plurality, choked
until the early 1990s by prudish homogenizing intentions. Thus the
ecumenical concept of Cubanidad [Cubanhood] bequeathed to us by
Fernando Ortiz –a true mixture of diverse but equally valuable
experiences, practices and facts– came back from the cold.
The learned, spiritual, critical homosexual who acts according to his beliefs claimed his own niche within a nation with plenty of room for everyone and none for black-and-white terms. Other works, made either for official or alternative circuits, have trodden since then on this ground, still dangerous as a result of 500 years of manly tradition in our Latin American country, with titles ranging from the outwardly colorful Kleines Tropicana (Daniel Díaz Torres, 1997) and Las noches de Constantinopla (Orlando Rojas, 2001) to the discreet La Bella del Alhambra (Enrique Pineda-Barnet, 1989). ![]()
Likewise,
deeper inquiries into the effects of homophobia within family and
society were noticeable in Video de Familia (Humberto Padrón,
2002) and Casa Vieja (Lester Hamlet, 2010); whereas
Perfecto amor equivocado (Gerardo Chijona, 2004) and El
viajero inmóvil (Tomás Piard, 2008) tried to dissect the
dynamics of same-sex erotic love-making.
Two souls, two bodies, two men who love each other… Far behind a national production in itself backward, Cuban television waited until the turn of the century to depict homosexual characters and situations, even if TV viewers could watch them in programs from other countries, including Brazilian soap operas like Vale Todo (veiled lesbianism duly avoided by a thorough domestic editing effort) and La próxima víctima (rather explicit gay relations, worthy of a sub-plot). In 1992, a supporting character in the Cuban soap opera Pasión y Prejuicio –the journalist Galarraga, played by Carlos Padrón– showed a refinement at a climactic point that can only be put down to his being homosexual. A short time later, our television gave us the attractive Bolito of Para el año que viene, a surprising, if belated, detour of the late Manolo Melián’s career as an actor. TV series and plays treat the homosexual character, male more often than not, as a singular element with a slightly melodramatic or comical nuance –we all remember the soap opera Salir de noche, in which lanky fashion models were invariably attended to by frivolous, farcically hyperbolic makeup artists– so as to try and keep (self-)acknowledged homosexuals from taking center stage in a markedly ‘straight’ setting of social and personal issues, as befits a western society underpinned by Judeo-Christian moral mainstays. Seen from a kinder viewpoint, these first attempts can be said to be a substantial, pro-equality harangue supported by schemes of socio-familial interaction where the characters’ gayness fits nicely into daily life’s emotional dynamics rather than stand as a reflection of a milieu far from being prejudice-free. As Cuban soap operas become increasingly sociological in their more or less successful shots at achieving a balance between tear-jerking emotion and psychosocial problems, homosexuality has become more complex and significant as an individual issue. Top of the list is, say, La cara oculta de la luna, starring a Rafael Lahera who skillfully overcomes the very complicated socio-emotional maze of bisexuality. ![]()
Like in
Far from heaven (Todd Haynes, 2002), this loving family man’s
life is blown up by a ladylike Armando Tomey in what’s likely to be
his best interpretation yet. Even if the erratic program revolved
around the vicissitudes of AIDS-infected Cubans, the disease
eventually became all but a foregone conclusion of a plot whose
dramatic richness exceeded many too-rigid governing assumptions.
However, the barely elaborate lines given to the nitwit young man, who reveals himself as gay in the eyes of TV viewers when he dumps his girlfriend in the recently shown Añorado Encuentro, proved to be a backward step in our look at this topic and a golden –but wasted– opportunity to delve into family situations tinged with the conflict between heterosexual parents and their homosexual offspring, as yet insufficiently explored. The brief climactic crisis so superficially resolved in the last few episodes was not enough to warm the icy cauldron. For over a decade, homosexuals placed under the aegis of Mars, not of Venus, have almost always been the rule on Cuban screens large and small, perhaps as a result of an odd expression/unfolding of traditional machismo in ways that even the approach to the aforesaid trends is based on men at the top of the Cuban sexual totem pole. It’s precisely the demystification of this axial canon of society where our audiovisual production’s break with moral orthodoxy in 1980s was supposed to start from, along the lines of the extreme sacrilege we saw in Brokeback Mountain (Ang Lee, 2005) and its deconstruction of the American cowboy’s matchless virility. ![]()
It’s so
beautiful when a woman kisses another woman…
Still shunned from cinema and TV’s spectrum of social representation by subtle attitudes and almost conditioned atavisms, woman’s sexual heresy had to wait for a longer time to make its voice rightfully and, in the long run, categorically heard.
Television’s treatment of female homosexuality has far and away
outdone cinema’s. Standing as a cornerstone thereof is La otra
cara, a TV series conceived by Rudy Mora that provides a very
particular view of the contemporary Cuban man, doubtful amidst
moral, sentimental and domestic crossroads, his manly suit of armor
torn by endless woes revealing of his .
The central strand of one of the four parallel stories is the relationship between a “retrosexual” and a sensitive artist, played respectively by Alberto Pujols and Jaqueline Arenal. Unable to fulfill her emotional needs with her male partner’s impregnable roughness, she finally falls for another girl who works as a model, in a distant reference to Alice Walker’s novel The Color Purple. This sort of lesbian feminism fueled by man-like stances establishes clear guidelines for the treatment of love between women, more poetic and spiritual, and all the more so now that the National Center for Sex Education has come up with new classifications, namely MSM (men who have sex with men) and WLW (women who love women). Women’s conventional gentleness still prevails in most representations of lesbian love as a stubborn expression of socially agreed stereotypes, even if filmmakers worldwide have set themselves higher standards in movies like Boys Don’t Cry (Kimberly Peirce, 1999) and Monster (Patty Jenkins, 2003), where we see how Hillary Swank and Charlize Theron metamorphose into the coarsest retrosexuals ever, to the point that both took home an Academy Award. Such an aestheticism is nowhere to be found in Aquí estamos [Here we are], which merely scratches the topic of bisexuality in favor of a script focused on sets of values embraced by two lesbians, one who is self-ostracized and obviously has a complex, and another who has come to terms with her sexual orientation and is not afraid to show it off.
After all
is said and done, what we get is an ambiguously homophobic climax:
the hardcore lesbian character was not a match for a hardcore
heterosexual and in the end loses her maiden to the program’s most
good-looking heartthrob, whose name –to top it all off– was Adonis.
That we
never got to see the actresses sharing a loving kiss we owe it to an
outrageously moralistic attitude on the part of the directors, who
would have otherwise written a truly significant page on the annals
of Cuban audiovisual production.
![]() Not by chance is the soundtrack headed by Carlos Varela’s Delicadeza –from his record Siete– dedicated to the nearly mystic wonder of love between women. Through this “tougher” lesbianism as the catalyst for a female-turned-male across the board, we’re bound to face a process of dissolution of the dividing line between sexes that is likely to be more complicated than we thought but also more tolerated by the majority of Cuban society. Accordingly, our filmmakers and TV producers will be pushed into the thick of things and find themselves at the center of a controversy that is nowhere near its high point by a long shot. |
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